IV. Mosaics of a Digital Criminal Procedure - Derlemeler

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Gizem Gültekin Várkonyi: Predictive Policing and Bias in a Nutshell: Technical and Practical Aspects of Personal Data Processing for Law Enforcement Purposes - 1. Introduction

s. 39

2. Technical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

s. 41

2.1. Problems Related to Data

s. 42

2.2. Problems Relevant to Accuracy

s. 44

2.3. Bias and Personal Data Relationship

s. 46

4.Applicability of the GDPR on Predictive Policing Algorithms

s. 48

5. Explainability in the Box

s. 50

6. The Proposed AI Act

s. 53

7. Conclusion and Recommendations

s. 56

Zsanett Fantoly – András Lichtenstein: Siri, Alexa and Co. in the Criminal Justice System. The Use of Virtual Voice Assistants in Criminal Investigation and their Admissibility as Digital Evidence

s. 59

1. General technical introduction and privacy concerns

s. 59

2. Voice assistant related cases in the U.S. Criminal Justice System

s. 61

3. The State of Art in Europe: Germany, Hungary, and judicial cooperation in criminal matters within the EU

s. 66

Zsolt Szomora: Covert Online Entrapment in Transnational Criminal Cases / Case Study (Italy – Hungary)

s. 71

1. Introduction

s. 71

2. The Case

s. 73

3. Conclusions from the case

s. 75

3.1.“Locus regit actum” and the admissibility of evidence

s. 76

3.2.The relevance of ECHR standards for mutual legal assistance in the European Union

s. 77

3.3.The special position of secret data gathering

s. 80

Andor Gál: Remote Criminal Court Proceedings in Hungary

s. 82

1. Introductory Thoughts

s. 82

2. Application of Remote Hearing Systems in Criminal Procedures (2003-2018)

s. 84

3. Current Legal Background (from 1st July 2018)

s. 85

3.1.Prioritising the Use of Telecommunication Devices

s. 86

3.2.Guarantee Rules for a Fair Trial

s. 86

4. Special Rules for the Period of Emergency

s. 88

4.1.Consent of the Defendant

s. 88

4.2.Appeal against the Decision on the Application of Videoconference

s. 88

5. Infrastructural Background

s. 89

6. Conclusions

s. 90

Andor Gál: Remote Criminal Court Proceedings and the Principles of “Access to Justice” and “Fairness”

s. 91

1. Modern Judicial System and the Development of Information Technology

s. 91

2. Stages of Application of Digital Tools in Judicial Systems

s. 92

3. Using Video Conferencing Systems in Criminal Procedures

s. 94

3.1.Benefits of Using Videoconference in Criminal Trials

s. 95

3.2.Ensuring Fairness in Socially Distanced Trials

s. 96

3.2.1.Principle of Equality of Arms

s. 98

3.2.2.Principle of Directness

s. 99

3.2.3. Videoconferencing and the Publicity of Hearings

s. 100

4. Conclusions

s. 101